The rapid development of the first instar telson with venom secretion highlights the remarkable survival ability of scorpions

Abstract

The scorpion venom system plays a critical role in capturing prey and defending against predators. In this study, the rapid developmental process of the first instar telson was first presented. The small amount of venom in the first instar could be stored well by the distorted and blocked venom ducts, which disappeared in the older scorpions. This special developmental process of the first instar telson revealed the notable survival ability of scorpions.

Keywords: First instar; Mesobuthus martensii; Scorpion; Transverse section; Venom duct; Venom gland.