The Inhibitory Efficiencies of Geraniol as an Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial, Natural Agent Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in vivo

Lin Lin; Nana Long; Min Qiu; Yao Liu; Fenghui Sun; Min Dai

doi:10.2147/IDR.S318989

The Inhibitory Efficiencies of Geraniol as an Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial, Natural Agent Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in vivo

Infect Drug Resist. 2021 Aug 5:14:2991-3000. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S318989. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Lin Lin^#^{1

2}, Nana Long^#^{1

2}, Min Qiu^{1

2}, Yao Liu¹, Fenghui Sun^{1

2}, Min Dai^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
² Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotics wee widely used as feed additives in animal husbandry. With the increase of drug resistance of bacteria, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to antibiotics. Clinically, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections account for about 25% to 50% of Staphylococcus aureus infections worldwide. Similarly, it is also one of the pathogens that cause serious animal infections.

Methods: We established a mouse model of systemic infection of MRSA to study the preventive effect of geraniol on MRSA and the immunomodulatory effect of geraniol. The mice in the experiment were injected with geraniol by intramuscular injection and were fed intraperitoneally with minimum lethal dose of MRSA. Then, the survival rate, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress factors in serum were measured. These values were used to estimate the bacterial load in different organs and to assess histopathological changes in the lungs, liver and kidneys.

Results: The above-mentioned two ways of using geraniol could prevent MRSA infection in vivo in mice and showed a significant dose-response relationship. In other words, geraniol significantly decreased the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors in MRSA-infected mice. At the same time, the level of glutathione peroxidase also increased in a dose-proportional relationship. In the group of mice treated with geraniol, their superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher than those in the vancomycin. After treatment with geraniol, the burden of MRSA decreased. No obvious histopathological abnormalities were found in the liver and kidney of MRSA-infected mice. In addition, geraniol improved the inflammatory changes in the lungs.

Conclusion: The results indicated that geraniol was a natural substance that could be used as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial substance to protect mice from MRSA systemic infection. Generally, the research shows that as a natural medicine, geraniol has broad potential in the development and application of antibiotic substitutes.

Keywords: MRSA; antibacterial activity; geraniol; in vivo; inflammatory cytokines.