MicroRNAs in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Y A Veryaskina; S E Titov; I B Kovynev; S S Fedorova; T I Pospelova; I F Zhimulev

doi:10.32607/actanaturae.11209

MicroRNAs in the Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Acta Naturae. 2021 Apr-Jun;13(2):4-15. doi: 10.32607/actanaturae.11209.

Authors

Y A Veryaskina^{1

2}, S E Titov^{2

3}, I B Kovynev⁴, S S Fedorova⁴, T I Pospelova⁴, I F Zhimulev²

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
² Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
³ Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, 630117 Russia.
⁴ Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia.

Abstract

The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) holds a special place among blood cancers, as it represents a whole spectrum of hematological disorders with impaired differentiation of hematopoietic precursors, bone marrow dysplasia, genetic instability and is noted for an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia. Both genetic and epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in MDS development. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that are important regulators of normal hematopoiesis, and abnormal changes in their expression levels can contribute to hematological tumor development. To assess the prognosis of the disease, an international assessment system taking into account a karyotype, the number of blast cells, and the degree of deficiency of different blood cell types is used. However, the overall survival and effectiveness of the therapy offered are not always consistent with predictions. The search for new biomarkers, followed by their integration into the existing prognostic system, will allow for personalized treatment to be performed with more precision. Additionally, this paper explains how miRNA expression levels correlate with the prognosis of overall survival and response to the therapy offered.

Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia; miRNA; myelodysplastic syndrome.