CONVALESCENT plasma for COVID-19: A meta-analysis of clinical trials and real-world evidence

Abstract

Background: There is still a lack of consensus on the efficacy of convalescent plasma (CP) treatment in COVID-19 patients. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of CP vs standard treatment/non-CP on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from December 2019 to 16 July 2021, for data from clinical trials and observational studies. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Risk estimates were pooled using a random-effect model. Risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for clinical trials and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies.

Results: In total, 18 peer-reviewed clinical trials, 3 preprints and 26 observational studies met the inclusion criteria. In the meta-analysis of 18 peer-reviewed trials, CP use had a 31% reduced risk of all-cause mortality compared with standard treatment use (pooled risk ratio [RR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-0.86, P = .001, I² = 50.1%). Based on severity and region, CP treatment significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality in patients with severe and critical disease and studies conducted in Asia, pooled RR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47-0.81, P = .001, I² = 0.0%; pooled RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49-0.92, P = .013, I² = 0.0%; and pooled RR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48-0.80, P < .001, I² = 20.3%, respectively. The meta-analysis of observational studies showed the similar results to the clinical trials.

Conclusions: Convalescent plasma use was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality in severe or critical COVID-19 patients. However, the findings were limited with a moderate degree of heterogeneity. Further studies with well-designed and larger sample size are needed.

Keywords: COVID-19; convalescent plasma; donors; emerging diseases; meta-analysis; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).