The Critical Role of PARPs in Regulating Innate Immune Responses

Front Immunol. 2021 Jul 22:12:712556. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712556. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a family of proteins responsible for transferring ADP-ribose groups to target proteins to initiate the ADP-ribosylation, a highly conserved and fundamental post-translational modification in all organisms. PARPs play important roles in various cellular functions, including regulating chromatin structure, transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair. Several studies have recently converged on the widespread involvement of PARPs and ADP-Ribosylation reaction in mammalian innate immunity. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging roles of PARPs family and ADP-ribosylation in regulating the host's innate immune responses involved in cancers, pathogenic infections, and inflammations, which will help discover and design new molecular targets for cancers, pathogenic infections, and inflammations.

Keywords: ADP-ribosylation; NLR (NOD-like receptor); PARP; inflammation; innate immune responses.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • DNA Repair
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate / physiology*
  • Inflammation / immunology
  • Membrane Proteins / physiology
  • Molecular Targeted Therapy
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism
  • Neoplasms / enzymology
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Neoplasms / immunology
  • Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / metabolism
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / physiology*
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational
  • Stress Granules / metabolism
  • Stress, Physiological
  • Transcription, Genetic
  • Unfolded Protein Response
  • Virus Diseases / immunology

Substances

  • Membrane Proteins
  • NF-kappa B
  • STING1 protein, human
  • Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases