Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor. During pregnancy, explosive growth of a known meningioma occasionally occurs, but the underlying reasons remain unknown. Prolactin has been suggested as a possible key contributor to pregnancy-related meningioma growth. This study sets out to investigate prolactin and prolactin receptor status in 29 patients with pregnancy-related meningiomas in Denmark, from January 1972 to December 2016, as compared to 68 controls aged 20-45 years, also undergoing resection of a meningioma. Furthermore, we investigated potential differences in the progesterone and estrogen receptor statuses, WHO grade, Ki-67 labeling indices, and locations of the resected meningiomas between the cases and controls. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed, and histopathology and intracranial location were assessed with the investigator blinded for the case-control status. None of the samples stained positive for prolactin and very few samples stained positive for prolactin receptors, equally distributed among cases and controls. Estrogen and progesterone receptors generally followed the same distributional pattern between groups, whereas above cut-point Ki-67 labeling indices for both groups were observed. In conclusion, our results did not support the notion of prolactin as a key contributor to pregnancy-related meningioma growth. Rather, the similarities between the cases and controls suggest that meningiomas early in life may comprise a distinct biological entity.
Keywords: Ki-67; estrogen receptor; meningioma; pregnancy-related meningioma; progesterone receptor; prolactin receptor.