Background: Coagulation cascade contributes to thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases, but it remains unclear whether coagulation factors X (FX) and XI (FXI) levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Objective: To evaluate prospective associations of FX and FXI levels with incident acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, and their subtypes (acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke).
Methods: We performed a nested case-control study (n = 1846) within the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort from 2013 to 2016 matched on age (within 1 year), sex, and sampling date (within 1 month) by incidence density sampling, and measured plasma FX and FXI levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. FX and FXI levels were categorized into three groups (low, <25th; middle, 25th to <75th; and high ≥75th percentiles) according to distributions, and conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, compared with middle groups, the OR (95% CI) in high levels of FX and FXI were 1.11 (0.79-1.56) and 0.96 (0.68-1.36) for incident ACS, and 1.01 (0.63-1.62) and 1.72 (1.14-2.60) for incident stroke, respectively. As for subtypes of ACS and stroke, only high FXI levels were significantly associated with incident ischemic stroke (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.05-2.65). Moreover, all associations remained steady after additional adjustment for platelet and leukocyte.
Conclusion: FXI levels were associated with a greater risk of incident ischemic stroke but not hemorrhagic stroke or ACS. FX levels were not associated with incident ACS or stroke.
Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; coagulation factor X; coagulation factor XI; prospective study; stroke.
© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.