REPRINT OF: CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS

Amanda Adler; Peter Bennett; Stephen Colagiuri Chair; Edward Gregg; K M Venkat Narayan; Maria Inês Schmidt; Eugene Sobngwi; Naoko Tajima; Nikhil Tandon; Nigel Unwin; Sarah Wild; John Yudkin; Naomi Levitt; Viswanathan Mohan; Sarah Montgomery; Moffat J Nyirenda; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Saskia Den Boon; Samantha Hocking

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108972

REPRINT OF: CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Jul 31:108972. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108972. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Amanda Adler¹, Peter Bennett², Stephen Colagiuri Chair³, Edward Gregg⁴, K M Venkat Narayan⁵, Maria Inês Schmidt⁶, Eugene Sobngwi⁷, Naoko Tajima⁸, Nikhil Tandon⁹, Nigel Unwin¹⁰, Sarah Wild¹¹, John Yudkin¹², Naomi Levitt¹³, Viswanathan Mohan¹⁴, Sarah Montgomery¹⁵, Moffat J Nyirenda¹⁶, Jaakko Tuomilehto¹⁷, Saskia Den Boon³, Samantha Hocking³

Affiliations

¹ Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
² Phoenix Epidemiology & Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, USA.
³ Boden Institute, University of Sydney, Australia.
⁴ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
⁵ the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
⁶ University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁷ Faculté de Medecine et des Sciences Biomedicales et Centre de Biotechnologie, Université de Yaounde 1, Cameroon.
⁸ Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
⁹ All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
¹⁰ Chronic Disease Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados, and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK.
¹¹ University of Edinburgh, UK.
¹² University College London, UK.
¹³ Diabetic Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine at Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, South Africa.
¹⁴ Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India.
¹⁵ Primary Care International, Oxford, UK.
¹⁶ Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute/London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.
¹⁷ Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait.

PMID: 34343595
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108972

Abstract

Executive Summary This document updates the 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of diabetes. It prioritizes clinical care and guides health professionals in choosing appropriate treatments at the time of diabetes diagnosis, and provides practical guidance to clinicians in assigning a type of diabetes to individuals at the time of diagnosis. It is a compromise between clinical and aetiological classification because there remain gaps in knowledge of the aetiology and pathophysiology of diabetes. While acknowledging the progress that is being made towards a more precise categorization of diabetes subtypes, the aim of this document is to recommend a classification that is feasible to implement in different settings throughout the world. The revised classification is presented in Table 1. Unlike the previous classification, this classification does not recognize subtypes of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and includes new types of diabetes ("hybrid types of diabetes" and "unclassified diabetes").