Manipulating subcellular protein localization using light is a powerful approach for controlling signaling processes with high spatiotemporal precision. The most widely used strategy for this is based on light-induced protein heterodimerization. The use of small synthetic molecules that can control the localization of target proteins in response to light without the need for a second protein has several advantages. However, such methods have not been well established. Herein, we present a chemo-optogenetic approach for controlling protein localization using a photoactivatable self-localizing ligand (paSL). We developed a paSL that can recruit tag-fused proteins of interest from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane within seconds upon light illumination. This paSL-induced protein translocation (paSLIPT) is reversible and enables the spatiotemporal control of signaling processes in living cells, even in a local region. paSLIPT can also be used to implement simultaneous optical stimulation and multiplexed imaging of molecular processes in a single cell, offering an attractive and novel chemo-optogenetic platform for interrogating and engineering dynamic cellular functions.