Impact of ZnO and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoscale on the methyl violet 2B removal efficiency of the activated carbon oak wood

Rauf Foroutan; Reza Mohammadi; Amir Ahmadi; Gholamreza Bikhabar; Fatemeh Babaei; Bahman Ramavandi

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131632

Impact of ZnO and Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoscale on the methyl violet 2B removal efficiency of the activated carbon oak wood

Chemosphere. 2022 Jan;286(Pt 1):131632. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131632. Epub 2021 Jul 21.

Authors

Rauf Foroutan¹, Reza Mohammadi², Amir Ahmadi³, Gholamreza Bikhabar³, Fatemeh Babaei⁴, Bahman Ramavandi⁵

Affiliations

¹ Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
² Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: r.mohammadi@tabrizu.ac.ir.
³ Environmental Health Engineering Department, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
⁴ Soil Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
⁵ Environmental Health Engineering Department, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. Electronic address: b.ramavandi@bpums.ac.ir.

PMID: 34315077
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131632

Abstract

In the current study, activated carbon oak wood (ACOW600) and modified activated carbon using ZnO (ACOW600/ZnO) and Fe₃O₄ (ACOW600/ZnO/Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles were used to remove methyl violet 2B dye (MV2B) from aqueous solutions. ACOW was synthesized at different temperatures (300-700 °C), and then the maximum MV2B removal efficiency (92.76 %) was achieved using ACOW synthesized at 600 °C. The morphology and characteristics of ACOW600, ACOW600/ZnO, and ACOW600/ZnO/Fe₃O₄ were studied using surface analyzes. According to the results, the adsorbents indicated a high ability to absorb MV2B from liquid solution, and their kinetic behavior follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic. In addition, the equilibrium study revealed that the MV2B uptake by the ACOW600/ZnO/Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanocomposite followed the Freundlich model. In contrast, the Langmuir model described the MV2B adsorption process using ACOW600 and ACOW600/ZnO. The maximum adsorption capacity (q_m) of MV2B using ACOW600, ACOW600/ZnO, and ACOW600/ZnO/Fe₃O₄ was determined 26.16 mg g^-1, 37.05 mg g^-1, and 48.59 mg g^-1, respectively, indicating that modification of ACOW600 led to improve its performance in removing MV2B. The enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔG), and Gibbs free energy (ΔS) parameters revealed that the decontamination of MV2B using the studied adsorbents was exothermic and spontaneous. Also, random interactions of MV2B molecules and adsorbent surfaces were reduced during the adsorption process. Textile wastewater was significantly treated by ACOW600, ACOW600/ZnO, and ACOW600/ZnO/Fe₃O₄ adsorbents. The recycling of the adsorbents was demonstrated that the investigated adsorbents could be re-utilized many times in the MV2B removal process.

Keywords: Activated carbon; Magnetic particles; Methyl violet 2B; Oak wood; Textile wastewater.

MeSH terms

Adsorption
Charcoal
Gentian Violet
Kinetics
Magnetic Phenomena
Quercus*
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / analysis
Wood / chemistry
Zinc Oxide*

Substances

Water Pollutants, Chemical
Charcoal
Gentian Violet
Zinc Oxide