To understand the effects of 'planting conifer and preserving broadleaved tree' and light-felling on the hydrological effects of litter layer during the restoration of the climax vegetation broad-leaved Korean pine forest in temperate zone of Northeast China, we measured litter accumulation, water holding process of litter, and maximum holding water, maximum blocking and effective blocking amount of litter layers using sample survey method and indoor immersion method in three forests (aspen-Korean pine forests, white birch-Korean pine forest, and Mongolian oak-Korean pine forest) under different light-felling intensity (control, C; low light-felling, L; moderate light-felling, M; heavy light-felling, H) in Xiaoxing'an Mountains. The results showed that the intensity of light-felling had different effects on litter accumulation (7.32 to 15.58 t·hm-2) in three forest types. L, M and H significantly enhanced litter accumulation by 24.3%-34.6% in the Mongolian oak-Korean pine forest, L and M enhance it by 15.3%-19.3% in aspen-Korean pine forest, and H enhance it by 27.1% in white birch-Korean pine forest. Water holding capacity (W) and water absorption rate (V) of the undecomposed layer and the semi-decomposed layer of the litter were in accordance with the relationship between the soaking time (t): W=alnt+b (R2>0.908), V=ktn (R2≥0.999). The intensity of light-felling (except H in aspen-Korean pine forests) increased the maximum water holding capacity (17.86-45.12 t·hm-2), maximum interception capacity (16.10-34.19 t·hm-2) and effective interception capacity (13.42-27.42 t·hm-2) of litter by 30.1%-74.8%, 27.4%-83.6% and 26.7%-86.0%, respectively, while changed the differences of effective blocking amount of litters among forest types. Therefore, light-felling significantly enhanced the hydro-ecological function of litter layers in the medium-term broad-leaved Korean pine forests by 'planting conifer and preserving broadleaved tree'. The low, moderate, and heavy light-felling was best one for the Mongolian oak-Korean pine forest, the aspen-Korean pine forest, and the white birch-Korean pine forest, respectively.
为了揭示“栽针保阔”及透光抚育在恢复东北温带地带性顶极植被阔叶红松林过程中对凋落物层水文效应的影响规律,采用样地调查法和室内浸泡法,同步测定小兴安岭山杨-红松林、白桦-红松林和蒙古栎-红松林(冠下栽植红松25～35年)在不同透光抚育强度(对照,轻、中、强度透光抚育)下的凋落物量、凋落物持水过程、最大持水量、最大拦蓄量和有效拦蓄量。结果表明: 透光抚育对3种林型凋落物蓄积量(7.32～15.58 t·hm-2)影响不同,使蒙古栎-红松林(各强度)、山杨-红松林(轻、中度)及白桦-红松林(强度)分别显著提高24.3%～34.6%、15.3%～19.3%和27.1%。凋落物未分解、半分解层的持水量(W)、吸水速率(V)随浸泡时间(t)变化符合W=alnt+b(R2＞0.908)、V=ktn(R2≥0.999)函数关系。各透光抚育(除强度透光抚育山杨-红松林外)使3种林型凋落物层最大持水量(17.86～45.12 t·hm-2)、最大拦蓄量(16.10～34.19 t·hm-2)和有效拦蓄量(13.42～27.42 t·hm-2)分别显著提高30.1%～74.8%、27.4%～83.6%和26.7%～86.0%,且改变了各林型间凋落物层有效拦蓄量的差异。透光抚育显著增强了中期“栽针保阔”红松林凋落物层的水文生态功能,蒙古栎-红松林、山杨-红松林和白桦-红松林依次采取轻、中和强度透光抚育的效果最佳。.
Keywords: Korean pine forest by ‘planting conifer and preserving broad-leaved tree'; Xiaoxing'anling; hydrological effect of litter; light-felling intensity.