Effect of supplemental acid-etching on the early stages of osseointegration: A preclinical model

Ernesto B Benalcázar Jalkh; Marcelo Parra; Andrea Torroni; Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak; Nick Tovar; Arthur Castellano; Rafael M Badalov; Estevam A Bonfante; Paulo G Coelho; Lukasz Witek

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104682

Effect of supplemental acid-etching on the early stages of osseointegration: A preclinical model

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2021 Oct:122:104682. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104682. Epub 2021 Jul 13.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
² PhD Program in Morphological Sciences, Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
³ Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
⁴ Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
⁵ Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, Langone Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA.
⁶ Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
⁷ Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
⁸ University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
⁹ Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA. Electronic address: lukasz.witek@nyu.edu.

PMID: 34311324
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104682

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of two surface modifications on early osseointegration parameters of conical implants in a translational pre-clinical model.

Materials and methods: Conical implants with progressive trapezoidal threads and healing chambers were evaluated consisting of two different surface conditions: 1) Implacil surface (IMP Sur), and 2) Implacil surface + Supplemental Acid-etching (IMP Sur + AE). Surface characterization comprised of the evaluation of roughness parameters (S_a, S_q and S_dr), surface energy and contact angle. Subsequently, implants were installed in the ilium crest of nine female sheep (weighing ~65 kg). Torque out, histological and histomorphometric analyses were conducted after 3 and 6 weeks in-vivo. The percentage of bone to implant contact (%BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy within implant threads (%BAFO) were quantified, and the results were analyzed using a general linear mixed model analysis as function of surface treatment and time in-vivo.

Results: Supplemental acid etching significantly increased S_a and S_q roughness parameters without compromising the surface energy or contact angle, and no significant differences with respect to S_dr. Torque-out testing yielded significantly higher values for IMP Sur + AE in comparison to the IMP Sur at 3- (62.78 ± 15 and 33.49 ± 15 N.cm, respectively) and 6-weeks (60.74 ± 15 and 39.80 ± 15 N.cm, respectively). Histological analyses depicted similar osseointegration features for both surfaces, where an intramembranous-type healing pattern was observed. At histomorphometric analyses, IMP Sur + AE implants yielded higher values of BIC in comparison to IMP Sur at 3- (40.48 ± 38 and 27.98 ± 38%, respectively) and 6-weeks (45.86 ± 38 and 34.46 ± 38%, respectively). Both groups exhibited a significant increase in %BAFO from 3 (~35%) to 6 weeks (~44%), with no significant differences between surface treatments.

Conclusion: Supplemental acid-etching and its interplay with implant thread design, positively influenced the BIC and torque-out resistance at early stages of osseointegration.

Keywords: Dental implants; Design; Osseointegration; Surface treatment.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Dental Implants*
Dental Prosthesis Design
Female
Osseointegration*
Sheep
Surface Properties
Titanium
Torque

Substances

Dental Implants
Titanium

Grants and funding

S10 OD026989/OD/NIH HHS/United States