Fisheries-induced changes of shoaling behaviour: mechanisms and potential consequences

Abstract

We outline key mechanisms by which fishing can change the shoaling tendency and collective behaviour of exploited species - an issue that is rarely considered and poorly understood. We highlight potential consequences for fish populations and food webs, and discuss possible repercussions for fisheries and conservation strategies.

Keywords: collective behaviour; fisheries-induced evolution; food web; harvesting; predator–prey interactions; schooling; shoaling.