The effect of drying temperature and sodium caseinate concentration on the functional and physical properties of spray-dried coconut milk

Zalizawati Abdullah; Farah Saleena Taip; Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal; Ribhan Zafira Abdul Rahman

doi:10.1007/s13197-020-04820-9

The effect of drying temperature and sodium caseinate concentration on the functional and physical properties of spray-dried coconut milk

J Food Sci Technol. 2021 Aug;58(8):3174-3182. doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04820-9. Epub 2020 Oct 3.

Authors

Zalizawati Abdullah^{1

2}, Farah Saleena Taip¹, Siti Mazlina Mustapa Kamal¹, Ribhan Zafira Abdul Rahman³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
² Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia.
³ Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of drying temperature on the stability and quality of spray-dried coconut milk. A low concentration (1-2% w/w) of sodium caseinate (SC) was used as emulsifying agent with 8-9% of maltodextrin. The spray drying temperature was varied from 140 to 180 °C. Emulsions prepared at different SC concentration remained stable without phase separation for 24 h. Higher the SC concentration produced smaller-sized of droplet and powder particles. The spray dried coconut milk has a skin-forming structure. Emulsion with low concentration of SC (1% w/w) is unstable during atomisation process due to re-coalescence of fat. Adding SC to the emulsion reduce the moisture content to less than 5%. However, drying the emulsions at 180 °C gave negative impact to the powder properties. Some particles rupture and lead to high free fat content, high insolubility and larger fat droplet size. Presence of fleck is also noticed in the powder.

Keywords: Coconut milk powder; Emulsion stability; Microstructure; Particle size; Powder solubility; Spray drying.