Rapid antigen detection kit for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 - are we missing asymptomatic patients?

Indian J Med Microbiol. 2021 Oct-Dec;39(4):457-461. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.07.003. Epub 2021 Jul 20.

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the utility, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of the laboratory based Covid-19 antigen detection test (Coris Bio- Concept, Gembloux, Belgium) for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in a tertiary care hospital among symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

Methods: The nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from the symptomatic patients and their contacts. The diagnostic accuracy of this antigen kit was determined in comparison to SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR).

Results: A total of 825 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study; RT-PCR and antigen detection was performed simultaneously for 484 samples to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the test. The overall specificity and sensitivity was 99.32% and 71.96% respectively. Also, 3.7% of the asymptomatic patients who were negative by RAT were detected positive by RT-PCR.

Conclusion: This rapid antigen test (RAT) was sensitive in the symptomatic patients presenting during the initial phase of the illness. Since, majority of the SARS-CoV-2 patients are asymptomatic and considering the huge population, the testing strategy formulated by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) at the national level was cost effective. Thus, Ag-RDTs could play a pivotal role in early diagnosis, policy making and surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords: Point-of-care; Rapid antigen detection; SARS-CoV-2.

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, Viral / analysis*
  • Asymptomatic Infections
  • COVID-19 Testing
  • COVID-19* / diagnosis
  • Humans
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • SARS-CoV-2* / isolation & purification
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

Substances

  • Antigens, Viral