The diabetes and osteoporotic metabolic diseases are characterized by a wide prevalence of the population worldwide and correlated to alteration of the bone tissues. Several cofactors could influence the clinical course and the biochemistry of the pathologies such as human microbiome, nutrition characteristics, gut microbiota activity and interactions with vitamin K and D across IGF/GH and TP53 signaling pathways and the glucose/energy as mechanism for bone tissue health. Moreover, also the calories and sugar consumption seem to be correlated to an increased inflammatory state with several consequences for hematopoiesis and host tissues response. The aim of the present literature review was to highlight the role of osteoporotic diseases and diabetes type 2 link for the bone metabolism. The literature cases showed that a correlation between bone-gut-kidney-heart-CNS-Immunity crosstalk seems to be linked with bone metabolism and health regulation. Moreover, also the aging process could represent a valuable co-factor for the sustaining of the metabolic disorders upon a multi-systemic level.
Keywords: ATP; Diabetes type 1-2; IGF-1-2 PT53; ROS; Rank-l; Wnt; ageing; bone marrow; central nervous system; enteric nervous system; mTOR; mesenchymal stem cells; metabolic syndrome; mitochondria; osteoblasts; receptor activator NF kappa B ligand (NFκB-RANK); telomere/telomerase.
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