Topical Oral and Intranasal Antiviral Agents for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Victor B Hsue; Kyohei Itamura; Arthur W Wu; Elisa A Illing; Kevin J Sokoloski; Bree A Weaver; Benjamin P Anthony; Nathan Hughes; Jonathan Y Ting; Thomas S Higgins

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71697-4_14

Topical Oral and Intranasal Antiviral Agents for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021:1327:169-189. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-71697-4_14.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
² Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
³ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
⁵ Pharmacy Operations, Kindred Healthcare Support Center, Louisville, KY, USA.
⁶ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. thomas.higgins@louisville.edu.
⁷ Rhinology, Sinus & Skull Base, Kentuckiana Ear, Nose, and Throat, Louisville, KY, USA. thomas.higgins@louisville.edu.

PMID: 34279838
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-71697-4_14

Abstract

With the largest viral loads in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) present in the oral and nasal cavities, agents that act on these two areas have the potential for large therapeutic and prophylactic benefit. A literature review was conducted to elucidate the possible agents useful in treatment of SARS-CoV-2. These agents were evaluated for their current applications, adverse reactions, their current state of study, and any future considerations in their management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019). Our review has found that, while there are many promising agents with proven efficacy in their in-vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, more clinical trials and in-vivo studies, as well as safety trials, must be conducted before these agents can be effectively implemented.

Keywords: Antiviral agents; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Nasal; Nasopharynx; Oral; Public health; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Topical.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
COVID-19*
Humans
SARS-CoV-2
Viral Load

Substances

Antiviral Agents