CRISPR-based diagnostics

Michael M Kaminski; Omar O Abudayyeh; Jonathan S Gootenberg; Feng Zhang; James J Collins

doi:10.1038/s41551-021-00760-7

CRISPR-based diagnostics

Nat Biomed Eng. 2021 Jul;5(7):643-656. doi: 10.1038/s41551-021-00760-7. Epub 2021 Jul 16.

Authors

Michael M Kaminski^{1

2}, Omar O Abudayyeh^{3

4}, Jonathan S Gootenberg^{3

4}, Feng Zhang^{3

4

5

6

7

8}, James J Collins^{9

10

11

12}

Affiliations

¹ Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
² Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
³ McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁴ Massachusetts Consortium for Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA.
⁵ Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁶ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁷ Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁸ Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁹ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. jimjc@mit.edu.
¹⁰ Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. jimjc@mit.edu.
¹¹ Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. jimjc@mit.edu.
¹² Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. jimjc@mit.edu.

PMID: 34272525
DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00760-7

Abstract

The accurate and timely diagnosis of disease is a prerequisite for efficient therapeutic intervention and epidemiological surveillance. Diagnostics based on the detection of nucleic acids are among the most sensitive and specific, yet most such assays require costly equipment and trained personnel. Recent developments in diagnostic technologies, in particular those leveraging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), aim to enable accurate testing at home, at the point of care and in the field. In this Review, we provide a rundown of the rapidly expanding toolbox for CRISPR-based diagnostics, in particular the various assays, preamplification strategies and readouts, and highlight their main applications in the sensing of a wide range of molecular targets relevant to human health.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

CRISPR-Cas Systems / genetics*
Communicable Diseases / diagnosis*
Communicable Diseases / microbiology
Communicable Diseases / virology
Genetic Diseases, Inborn / diagnosis
Humans
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / economics
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / methods*
Nucleic Acids / analysis*
Nucleic Acids / metabolism
Point-of-Care Systems
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Sequence Analysis, DNA

Substances

Nucleic Acids