Sorption of selected antiparasitics in soils and sediments

Andre Patrick Heinrich; Timm Zöltzer; Leonard Böhm; Manuel Wohde; Sara Jaddoudi; Yassine El Maataoui; Abdelmalek Dahchour; Rolf-Alexander Düring

doi:10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y

Sorption of selected antiparasitics in soils and sediments

Environ Sci Eur. 2021;33(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y. Epub 2021 Jul 2.

Authors

Andre Patrick Heinrich¹, Timm Zöltzer¹, Leonard Böhm¹, Manuel Wohde¹, Sara Jaddoudi², Yassine El Maataoui², Abdelmalek Dahchour³, Rolf-Alexander Düring¹

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Research Center for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
² Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology and Environment (LMNE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Av Ibn Battouta Agdal, BP1014 Rabat, Morocco.
³ Département Des Sciences Fondamentales Et Appliquées, Institut Agronomique Et Véterinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.

Abstract

Background: Veterinary pharmaceuticals can enter the environment when excreted after application and burden terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, knowledge about the basic process of sorption in soils and sediments is limited, complicating regulatory decisions. Therefore, batch equilibrium studies were conducted for the widely used antiparasitics abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin to add to the assessment of their environmental fate.

Results: We examined 20 soil samples and six sediments from Germany and Morocco. Analysis was based on HPLC-fluorescence detection after derivatization. For soils, this resulted in distribution coefficients K _D of 38-642 mL/g for abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin. Moxidectin displayed K _D between 166 and 3123 mL/g. Normalized to soil organic carbon, log K _OC coefficients were 3.63, 3.93, 4.12, and 4.74 mL/g, respectively, revealing high affinity to organic matter of soils and sediments. Within sediments, distribution resulted in higher log K _OC of 4.03, 4.13, 4.61, and 4.97 mL/g for the four substances. This emphasizes the diverse nature of organic matter in both environmental media. The results also confirm a newly reported log K_OW for ivermectin which is higher than longstanding assumptions. Linear sorption models facilitate comparison with other studies and help establish universal distribution coefficients for the environmental risk assessment of veterinary antiparasitics.

Conclusions: Since environmental exposure affects soils and sediments, future sorption studies should aim to include both matrices to review these essential pharmaceuticals and mitigate environmental risks from their use. The addition of soils and sediments from the African continent (Morocco) touches upon possible broader applications of ivermectin for human use. Especially for ivermectin and moxidectin, strong sorption further indicates high hydrophobicity and provides initial concern for potential aquatic or terrestrial ecotoxicological effects such as bioaccumulation. Our derived K _OW estimates also urge to re-assess this important regulatory parameter with contemporary techniques for all four substances.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y.

Keywords: Africa; Avermectin; Desorption; Environmental distribution; Environmental fate; KD; KOC; Moxidectin; Pharmaceuticals; Sorption.