An investigation into the architectural use of nanotechnology in the context of the titanium dioxide

Abstract

Urban development has a tremendous impact on the environment. Building products used in construction have direct and indirect effects on the environment and human health. Nanotechnological building materials offer many advantages in terms of environmental impact. However, research into the potential disadvantages of these products is yet to be concluded. Some studies claiming the disadvantages of nanotechnology focus on titanium dioxide (TiO₂). The objective of this study is to investigate building materials that contain titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles and determine the advantages and disadvantages of these products on the grounds of TiO₂ content. TiO₂ was selected as the focus of this study for several reasons, including its broad applications, relatively easier and cheaper production processes, and easier access to existing studies on the topic. TiO₂ offers advantages such as self-cleaning, anti-bacterial, and anti-fog properties. Hence, it finds applications in coatings, ceramic tiles, and glass surfaces as a building product. It is also popular in structural systems and solar power systems for providing UV protection. Within the scope of the study, literature studies conducted in different fields were examined in order to determine the effects of building products on the environment and human health due to the TiO₂ content. According to the studies examined, it was concluded that TiO₂ interacts with living and non-living environmental groups. Based on a multi-disciplinary literature review, we have tried to determine the advantages and potential disadvantages of using TiO₂ in building materials. It has been determined that TiO₂-containing building products have advantages such as reducing water and resource consumption, saving energy and labour, and extending product life. Associated risks include pulmonary inflammations and infections, the intoxication of the blood-brain barrier, carcinogenic effects, reproductive system complications, and allergic reactions. We believe that this study can prove useful in raising awareness on pre-determining the potential risks and advantages of building products containing TiO₂, by assessing their effect on the environment and human health.

Keywords: Architecture; Ecology; Nanotechnology; Titanium dioxide.