The effect of driving pressures in COVID-19 ARDS: Lower may still be better as in classic ARDS

Abstract

Background: The respiratory dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients under invasive ventilation are still not well known. In this prospective cohort, we aimed to assess the characteristics of the respiratory system in COVID-19 patients under invasive mechanical ventilation and evaluate their relationship with mortality.

Methods: Fifty-eight COVID-19 patients who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation between March 11, 2020 and September 1, 2020 were enrolled for the present study. Demographics and laboratory values at baseline were recorded. Respiratory variables such as tidal volume, plateau pressure, positive end expiratory pressure, static compliance, and driving pressure were recorded daily under passive conditions. Further, the median values were analyzed.

Results: Median age of the patients was 64 years (58-72). Mortality was 60% on day 28. Plateau pressure, driving pressure, and static compliance significantly differ between the survivors and non-survivors. When patients were categorized into two groups based on the median driving pressure (Pdrive) of ≤15 cmH₂O or >15 cmH₂O during their invasive mechanical ventilation period, there was significantly better survival on day 28 in patients having a Pdrive ≤ 15 cmH₂O [28 days (95% CI = 19-28) vs 16 days (95% CI = 6-25), (log-rank p = 0.026).

Conclusion: COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) seemed to have similar characteristics as other forms of ARDS. Lung protective ventilation with low plateau and driving pressures might be related to lower mortality.

Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19; Driving pressure; Plateau pressure; Static compliance.