In this research paper, a novel approach in dengue modeling with the asymptomatic carrier and reinfection via the fractional derivative is suggested to deeply interrogate the comprehensive transmission phenomena of dengue infection. The proposed system of dengue infection is represented in the Liouville-Caputo fractional framework and investigated for basic properties, that is, uniqueness, positivity, and boundedness of the solution. We used the next-generation technique in order to determine the basic reproduction number R0 for the suggested model of dengue infection; moreover, we conduct a sensitivity test of R0 through a partial rank correlation coefficient technique to know the contribution of input factors on the output of R0. We have shown that the infection-free equilibrium of dengue dynamics is globally asymptomatically stable for R0<1 and unstable in other circumstances. The system of dengue infection is then structured in the Atangana-Baleanu framework to represent the dynamics of dengue with the non-singular and non-local kernel. The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the Atangana-Baleanu fractional system are interrogated through fixed-point theory. Finally, we present a novel numerical technique for the solution of our fractional-order system in the Atangana-Baleanu framework. We obtain numerical results for different values of fractional-order ϑ and input factors to highlight the consequences of fractional-order ϑ and input parameters on the system. On the basis of our analysis, we predict the most critical parameters in the system for the elimination of dengue infection.