Digitally designed, personalized bone cement spacer for staged TMJ and mandibular reconstruction - Introduction of a new technique

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to introduce an innovative workflow for staged reconstruction of the mandible, including the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), using a temporary, patient-specific spacer. In cases of partial mandibular resection including disarticulation, sometimes needed to treat inflammatory bone disease, the spacer is intended to retain symmetry of the hard tissues, to preserve the soft tissues, and to act as a bactericidal agent. When complete healing of the affected surrounding tissues has occurred, final reconstruction using a patient-matched total TMJ endoprosthesis, in combination with an autogenous free bone flap, can be performed as a second-stage procedure. The crucial steps of the workflow are virtual surgical planning, manufacturing of a two-part silicone mold, and chairside manufacturing of the spacer using an established bone cement with gentamycin. The method was first introduced in two patients suffering from therapy-resistant chronic osteomyelitis. The presented protocol of staged surgery allows a much safer and predictable reconstruction compared with immediate reconstruction. The workflow also minimizes the potential risk of endoprosthesis infection - one of the major risks of implant failure.

Keywords: 3D printing; Anatomic spacer; CAD/CAM spacer; Osteomyelitis of the jaw; Patient-specific reconstruction; Personalized surgery; TMJ endoprosthesis; TMJ replacement; Virtual surgical planning.