HIV Neuropathy-a Review of Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pain

Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021 Jul 8;25(8):55. doi: 10.1007/s11916-021-00971-2.

Abstract

Purpose of review: This article is a systematic review of data from 2018 to 2020 regarding information from publications on epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic advancements in human immunodeficiency virus-associated peripheral neuropathy.

Recent findings: The epidemiology/pathology of HIV neuropathy is discussed. Diagnostics includes skin wrinkling-eutectic mixture of local anesthetic test and neurologic examinations. Therapeutic interventions include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management as well as self-management strategies. Peripheral neuropathy continues to affect the lives of persons living with HIV. First-line treatment with pregabalin or gabapentin for HIV neuropathic pain has limited data on adequate response. Exercise and self-management strategies may provide benefit in pain reduction. Continuing research on risk factors and biomarkers for HIV-related peripheral neuropathy will be critical for future diagnostic and therapeutic agents.

Keywords: HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Neuropathic; Neuropathy; Pain; Treatment.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Anesthetics, Local / therapeutic use
  • Gabapentin / therapeutic use
  • HIV Infections / complications*
  • Humans
  • Neuralgia* / diagnosis
  • Neuralgia* / therapy
  • Neuralgia* / virology
  • Neurologic Examination
  • Pregabalin / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Anesthetics, Local
  • Pregabalin
  • Gabapentin