The correlation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related gene expression and the clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer patients in Taiwan

PLoS One. 2021 Jul 2;16(7):e0254000. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254000. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. It has been the most prevalent malignancy in Taiwan for consecutive thirteen years. Despite the diversity of its etiologic and pathophysiologic factors, a biological process named as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is indispensable in the progression of epithelial cancer. Our aim is to investigate the correlation between the expression of 8 EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin, claudin-1, CD44, N-cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin, S100A4) and the clinicopathologic features of CRC in Taiwan, along with the DNA CpG epigenetic status of CD44 gene. In immunohistochemical assessment, decreased expression of E-cadherin is statistically associated with the progression of cancer stage, while decreased expression of claudin-1 as well as increased β-catenin nuclear translocation and N-cadherin expression is statistically associated with the progression of histopathologic grade. E-cadherin, nuclear β-catenin and claudin-1 are also associated with other important prognostic factors, including nodal metastasis, tumor deposits, and elevated serum CA 19-9 levels. In addition, the left-sided colon and rectal cancers show increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin compared to the right-sided colon cancers, while the rectal cancers show increased fibronectin expression compared to the right-sided and left-sided colon cancers. Moreover, vimentin is aberrantly expressed in one case of signet-ring cell carcinoma. The DNA methylation levels of CD44 gene promoter between the tumoral and non-tumorous tissues by NGS comparison showed statistical difference on six CpG sites. However, such difference may not be sufficient because these DNA methylation proportions are too low to inactivate CD44 gene. Our results demonstrate the expression of E-cadherin, claudin-1, and nuclear β-catenin is closely related to the clinicopathologic prognostic determinants of CRC in Taiwan. The DNA methylation level of CD44 gene and its protein expression, however, show no correlation with the clinicopathologic features in CRC.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cohort Studies
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology*
  • CpG Islands / genetics
  • DNA Methylation / genetics
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / genetics*
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
  • Humans
  • Hyaluronan Receptors / genetics
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Male
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
  • Taiwan

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • CD44 protein, human
  • Hyaluronan Receptors

Grants and funding

This study was supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. (MOST107–2320-B-415-001 and MOST108–2320-B-415-006-MY3), and Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan (R107-007). The sponsor or funding organization had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.