The effect of counterions on interactions among spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) was systematically investigated by rheology, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The SPB particles consist of a solid polystyrene (PS) core with a diameter of ca.100 nm and a chemically grafted poly-(acrylic acid) (PAA) brush layer. Metal ions of different valences (Na+, Mg2+ and Al3+) were used as counterions to study the interactions among concentrated SPBs. The so-called "structure factor peak" in SAXS, the "local ordered structure peak" in WAXS and rheological properties indicated the interactions among concentrated SPBs. Combining SAXS, WAXS and rheology, the formation mechanism of the local ordered structure among PAA chains in the overlapped area of adjacent SPB, which was generated due to the bridge function of counterions, was confirmed. In contrast, excessive counterions shielded the electrostatic interaction among PAA chains and destroyed the local ordered structure. This work enriches our understanding of the polyelectrolyte assembly in concentrated SPBs under the effect of counterions and lays the foundations for SPB applications.
Keywords: SAXS; WAXS; counterions; rheology; spherical polyelectrolyte brush.