Effects of Cold-Pressing and Hydrodistillation on the Active Non-volatile Components in Lemon Essential Oil and the Effects of the Resulting Oils on Aging-Related Oxidative Stress in Mice

Guijie Li; Sha Xiang; Yanni Pan; Xingyao Long; Yujiao Cheng; Leng Han; Xin Zhao

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.689094

Effects of Cold-Pressing and Hydrodistillation on the Active Non-volatile Components in Lemon Essential Oil and the Effects of the Resulting Oils on Aging-Related Oxidative Stress in Mice

Front Nutr. 2021 Jun 14:8:689094. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689094. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Guijie Li^{1

2

3}, Sha Xiang⁴, Yanni Pan², Xingyao Long², Yujiao Cheng^{1

3}, Leng Han¹, Xin Zhao²

Affiliations

¹ National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
² Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.
³ National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing, China.
⁴ Department of Dermatology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the non-volatile composition and antioxidant differences of lemon essential oils (LEOs) obtained by cold-pressing vs. hydrodistillation. Pathological observations showed that LEO effectively inhibited liver injury caused by oxidative stress, and CPLEO was more effective than HDLEO. CPLEO increased serum T-AOC, SOD, GSH, and GSH-Px levels while decreasing NO, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels in mice with oxidative damage. The effects of CPLEO were stronger than those of HDLEO and similar to those of vitamin C. CPLEO upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, HO-1, Nrf2, and NQO1 while downregulating nNOS, iNOS, IL-1β, COX-2, TNF-α, and NF-κB mRNA expression and nNOS, eNOS, iNOS, and COX-2 protein expression in mice with oxidative damage. The results demonstrate that LEO has good antioxidant effects and that CPLEO has a better antioxidant effect than HDLEO as it retains more active non-volatile substances.

Keywords: antioxidant; cold-expression; coumarins; furocoumarins; oxidative stress.