Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy vibrational bands study of Spinacia oleracea and Trigonella corniculata under biochar amendment in naturally contaminated soil

PLoS One. 2021 Jun 30;16(6):e0253390. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253390. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy detects functional groups such as vibrational bands like N-H, O-H, C-H, C = O (ester, amine, ketone, aldehyde), C = C, C = N (vibrational modes of a tetrapyrrole ring) and simply C = N. The FTIR of these bands is fundamental to the investigation of the effect of biochar (BC) treatment on structural changes in the chlorophyll molecules of both plants that were tested. For this, dried leaf of Spinacia oleracia (spinach) and Trigonella corniculata (fenugreek) were selected for FTIR spectral study of chlorophyll associated functional groups. The study's primary goal was to investigate the silent features of infrared (IR) spectra of dried leave samples. The data obtained from the current study also shows that leaf chlorophyll can mask or suppress other molecules' FITR bands, including proteins. In addition, the C = O bands with Mg and the C9 ketonic group of chlorophyll are observed as peaks at1600 (0%BC), 1650 (3%BC) and 1640, or near to1700 (5%BC) in spinach samples. In fenugreek, additional effects are observed in the FTIR spectra of chlorophyll at the major groups of C = C, C = O and C9 of the ketonic groups, and the vibrational bands are more evident at C-H and N-H of the tetrapyrrole ring. It is concluded that C-N bands are more visible in 5% BC treated spinach and fenugreek than in all other treatments. These types of spectra are useful in detecting changes or visibility of functional groups, which are very helpful in supporting biochemical data such as an increase in protein can be detected by more visibility of C-N bands in FTIR spectra.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Retracted Publication

MeSH terms

  • Absorption, Physicochemical
  • Charcoal / chemistry*
  • Chlorophyll / analysis*
  • Chlorophyll / chemistry
  • Chlorophyll / metabolism
  • Environmental Pollution / adverse effects
  • Environmental Pollution / prevention & control*
  • Metals, Heavy / chemistry
  • Molecular Structure
  • Plant Leaves / chemistry
  • Soil / chemistry
  • Soil Pollutants / chemistry
  • Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / methods
  • Spinacia oleracea / chemistry*
  • Trigonella / chemistry*
  • Vibration

Substances

  • Metals, Heavy
  • Soil
  • Soil Pollutants
  • biochar
  • Chlorophyll
  • Charcoal

Grants and funding

The research work is supported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (NRPU-8933). We are also thankful to Taif University Researchers for Supporting with funds from Project number (TURSP -2020/295), Taif university, Taif, Saudi Arabia.