A selective and efficient microfluidic method-based liquid phase microextraction for the determination of sulfonamides in urine samples

Samira Dowlatshah; Elia Santigosa; Mohammad Saraji; María Ramos Payán

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462344

A selective and efficient microfluidic method-based liquid phase microextraction for the determination of sulfonamides in urine samples

J Chromatogr A. 2021 Aug 30:1652:462344. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462344. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Authors

Samira Dowlatshah¹, Elia Santigosa², Mohammad Saraji³, María Ramos Payán⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
² Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
³ Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
⁴ Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain. Electronic address: ramospayan@us.es.

PMID: 34186325
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462344

Abstract

Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) into a microfluidic has undergone great advances focused on downscaled and miniaturized devices. In this work, a microfluidic device was developed for the extraction of sulfonamides in order to accelerate the mass transfer and passive diffusion of the analytes from the donor phase to the acceptor phase. The subsequent analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-DAD (HPLC-DAD). Several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the method such as the supported liquid membrane, composition of donor and acceptor phase and flow rate were investigated and optimized. Tributyl phosphate was found to be a good supported liquid membrane which confers not only great affinity for analytes but also long-term stability, allowing more than 20 consecutive extractions without carry over effect. Under optimum conditions, extraction efficiencies were over 96 % for all sulfonamides after 10 minutes extraction and only 10 µL of sample was required. Relative standard deviation was between 3-5 % for all compounds. Method detection limits were 45, 57, 54 and 33 ng mL^-1 for sulfadiazine (SDI), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfamethazine (SMT) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), respectively. Quantitation limits were 0.15, 0.19, 0.18 and 0.11 µg mL^-1 for SDI, SMR, SMT SMX, respectively. The proposed microfluidic device was successfully applied for the determination of sulfonamides in urine samples with extraction efficiencies within the range of 86-106 %. The proposed method improves the procedures proposed to date for the determination of sulfonamides in terms of efficiency, reduction of the sample volume and extraction time.

Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography; Liquid phase microextraction; Microfluidic device; Sulfonamides; Supported liquid membrane.

MeSH terms

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Humans
Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
Liquid Phase Microextraction*
Microfluidics*
Sulfonamides* / analysis
Sulfonamides* / isolation & purification
Urinalysis* / methods

Substances

Sulfonamides