Retinoblastoma, an intraocular cancer primarily affecting children, interacts with surrounding intraocular and extraocular structures in the development and progression. Subretinal and vitreous seeds are characteristic features of retinoblastoma, which result from the interaction between the tumor and its environment at the levels of tissue and microenvironment. The retina and vitreous affect the disease course and responses to treatment options. Also, neighboring cells in the retina and physicochemical properties of the tumor microenvironment are related to the biological activities of retinoblastoma tumors. Researches focusing on the tumor environment of retinoblastoma will lead to the development of more effective treatment options, which can revolutionize the prognosis of patients with retinoblastoma.
Keywords: Cell-to-cell interaction; Fundus photography; Hypoxia; Indirect ophthalmoscopy; Intraocular cancer; Magnetic resonance imaging; Ocular ultrasound; Retina; Retinoblastoma; Seed; Subretinal seed; Subretinal space; Tumor microenvironment; Vitreous; Vitreous seed.