Determination of primary aromatic amines from cooking utensils by capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

This paper describes a fast, sensitive, environment-friendly method for the determination of 19 primary aromatic amines (PAAs) in cooking utensils by capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The best electrophoretic separation of PAAs was obtained in 0.1 mol l^-1 formic acid (pH 2.4) as the background electrolyte, fused silica capillary (67 cm) with a run time below 6 min. The proposed method presented a linear calibration with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99 and reproducibility in a range of 1-25%. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.2-1.3 μg kg^-1 and recoveries were in a range of 85-120% for all the PAAs. The validated method was employed to determine PAAs on 36 samples of cooking utensils using acetic simulant. The results showed that 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and aniline being the most frequently found PAAs in these samples and 28% of cooking utensils were not compliant.

Keywords: 2,4-Diaminotoluene (PubChem CID: 7261); 2,6-Diaminotoluene (PubChem CID: 13205); 2,6-Dimethylaniline (PubChem CID: 6896); 2-Methoxy-5-methylaniline (PubChem CID: 8445); 2-Naphthylamine (PubChem CID: 7057); 3,3′-Dimethylbenzidine (PubChem CID: 8413); 3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline (PubChem CID: 9708); 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfide (PubChem CID: 8765); 4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane (PubChem CID: 7577); 4,4′-Methylene-bis-(2-methylaniline) (PubChem CID: 13283); 4,4′-Oxydianiline (PubChem CID: 7579); 4-Aminoazobenzene (PubChem CID: 6051); 4-Aminobiphenyl (PubChem CID: 7102); 4-Chloro-2-methylaniline (PubChem CID: 7251); 4-Chloroaniline (PubChem CID: 7812); Aniline (PubChem CID: 6115); Benzidine (PubChem CID: 7111); Capillary electrophoresis; Cooking utensils; Electrospray; Mass spectrometry; Primary aromatic amines; o-Anisidine (PubChem CID: 7000); o-Toluidine (PubChem CID: 7242).