Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens in the Upper Extremity: A Case Report and Literature Review

Ann Vasc Surg. 2021 Oct:76:601.e7-601.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.04.042. Epub 2021 Jun 25.

Abstract

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare condition characterized by deep venous thrombosis with gangrene. It can result in critically severe edema that affects the blood supply to the limbs. PCD generally occurs in the lower rather than upper extremity. We herein present a case report of upper extremity PCD and discuss thrombophilia secondary to low protein S activity as the main cause. Catheter-directed thrombolysis via the occluded end of the artery may be one of the best treatment methods for PCD.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Anticoagulants / therapeutic use
  • Cyanosis / etiology
  • Edema / etiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Pain, Intractable / etiology
  • Thrombolytic Therapy
  • Thrombophlebitis / diagnostic imaging
  • Thrombophlebitis / drug therapy
  • Thrombophlebitis / etiology*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Upper Extremity / blood supply*
  • Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis / complications*
  • Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis / diagnostic imaging
  • Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis / drug therapy

Substances

  • Anticoagulants