Effect of TiF4/NaF and chitosan solutions on the development of enamel caries under a microcosm biofilm model

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of experimental solutions containing TiF₄/NaF and chitosan on bacterial species and on enamel caries prevention.

Methods: Microcosm biofilm was produced from human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (0.2% sucrose) on bovine enamel for five days, under 5% CO₂ and 37 °C. From the second day until the end, the treatments were applied (1 × 60 s/day): (1) NaF (500 ppm F^-, positive control); (2) TiF₄ and NaF (TiF₄: 190 ppm Ti⁴⁺ and 300 ppm F^-; NaF: 190 ppm F^-); (3) similar to 2 plus 0.5% chitosan (Ch 500 mPas, 75% deacetylation); (4) phosphate buffer solution (negative control); and (5) 0.5% chitosan (Ch 500 mPas, 75% deacetylation). CFU counting was performed for total microorganism, total streptococcus, total lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans. Enamel demineralization was measured by transverse microradiography-TMR. The data were compared using ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (p < .050).

Results: No differences were found between the treatments with respect to CFU counting (ANOVA, p > .050). Enamel treated with TiF₄/NaF plus chitosan solution presented the lowest demineralization compared to the negative control and pure chitosan solution. On the other hand, this experimental solution did not significantly differ from TiF₄/NaF and NaF solutions, being all of them able to significantly reduce mineral loss (50-74%), but only TiF₄/NaF plus chitosan reduced lesion depth (55%) compared to the negative control (p = .001).

Conclusion: TiF₄/NaF plus chitosan solution had no antimicrobial effect, but it was able to reduce enamel caries development in 79% compared to control under this model.

Clinical significance: This study showed that TiF₄/NaF plus chitosan solution had no antimicrobial effect, but it was able to reduce enamel caries development under a microcosm biofilm model.

Keywords: Chitosan; Dental caries; Fluoride; Oral biofilm.