Objective: There have been many studies on adenomyosis, which can impair the quality of life of a woman. There are various kinds of opinions on the pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of adenomyosis. The goal of this article is to present the current knowledge of adenomyosis and its impact on the endometrial function and receptivity.
Methods: PubMed/Medline, Web of Sciences and Scopus were searched for the articles in English indexed until February 2021 with terms of: adenomyosis, endometrial receptivity, and infertility.
Results: Recent studies on angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the endometrium bring new information on the ethiology and pathogenesis of adenomyosis. In clinical practice, the main diagnostic methods of adenomyosis include transvaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging or hysteroscopy, although the definitive confirmation is set by histopathological examination. The rules of #Enzian classification of endometriosis should be applied for the classification of adenomyosis. The treatment of adenomyosis should consider individual clinical presentation and reproductive plans of a patient and should be performed in centers for the treatment of endometriosis.
Conclusion: Adenomyosis affects endometrial vascularisation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition/mesenchymal-epithelial transition; thus, it can be the cause of irregular uterine bleeding or embryo implantation failure. The research and analysis of endometrial proteome could lead to the new ways of adenomyosis treatment.
Keywords: adenomyosis; endometrial receptivity; infertility; pelvic pain; proteome.