Abstract
Pseudogenes, once considered the "junk remnants of genes," are found to significantly affect the regulatory network of healthy and cancer cells, as well as to be highly specific markers of cancer cell identity. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of pseudogenes has a diagnostic and prognostic value in cancer research via the detection of cell-free pseudogenic DNA circulating throughout the body. Exosomes, nanoparticles with a lipid membrane secreted by almost all types of cells, carry cellular-blueprint molecules, including pseudogenic DNA, as cancer-specific cargo. Therefore, it is vital to develop better laboratory techniques and protocols to identify exosome-associated pseudogenes.
Keywords:
Cancer biomarker; Cell-free DNA; Exosome; NANOGP8; Pseudogene.
MeSH terms
-
Base Sequence
-
Biomarkers, Tumor / blood*
-
Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
-
Cell-Derived Microparticles / chemistry
-
Cell-Derived Microparticles / genetics
-
Culture Media
-
Culture Media, Conditioned
-
DNA / blood
-
DNA / genetics
-
DNA, Neoplasm / blood
-
DNA, Neoplasm / genetics
-
DNA, Single-Stranded / blood
-
Endothelial Progenitor Cells / cytology
-
Fetal Blood / cytology
-
Glioblastoma / pathology
-
Humans
-
Mutagenesis, Insertional
-
Nanog Homeobox Protein / genetics
-
Neoplasms / blood*
-
Neoplasms / genetics
-
Neural Stem Cells / cytology
-
Prognosis
-
Pseudogenes*
-
RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
-
RNA, Messenger / blood
-
RNA, Messenger / genetics
-
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
-
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
-
Transfection
-
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Substances
-
Biomarkers, Tumor
-
Culture Media
-
Culture Media, Conditioned
-
DNA, Neoplasm
-
DNA, Single-Stranded
-
NANOG protein, human
-
Nanog Homeobox Protein
-
RNA, Messenger
-
DNA