Background: Many countries are facing a shortage and misallocation of general practitioners (GPs). The development of a policy response may benefit from the knowledge of worldwide policies that have been adopted and recommended to counteract such a development.
Aim: To identify measures proposed or taken internationally to prevent GP shortages.
Design and setting: A literature review followed by an expert assessment focussed on sources from OECD countries.
Method: The literature search identified international policy documents and literature reviews in bibliographical databases, and examined institutional websites and references of included publications. The internet search engine Google was also used. The resulting measures were then assessed for completeness by three experts.
Results: Ten policy documents and 32 literature reviews provided information on 102 distinct measures aimed at preventing GP shortages. The measures attempt to influence GPs at all stages of their careers.
Conclusions: This catalogue of measures to prevent GP shortages is significantly more comprehensive than any of the policy documents it is based on. It may serve as a blueprint for effective reforms aimed at preventing GP shortages internationally.
Keywords: Access to care; community medicine; international health; multidisciplinary care; primary care; quality of care.
This review identified 102 distinct measures to prevent a GP shortage. These measures influence GPs at all stages of their careers. These measures may serve as a blueprint for reforms to prevent GP shortages.
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