This article develops several centralized and collective neurodynamic approaches for sparse signal reconstruction by solving the L1 -minimization problem. First, two centralized neurodynamic approaches are designed based on the augmented Lagrange method and the Lagrange method with derivative feedback and projection operator. Then, the optimality and global convergence of them are derived. In addition, considering that the collective neurodynamic approaches have the function of information protection and distributed information processing, first, under mild conditions, we transform the L1 -minimization problem into two network optimization problems. Later, two collective neurodynamic approaches based on the above centralized neurodynamic approaches and multiagent consensus theory are proposed to address the obtained network optimization problems. As far as we know, this is the first attempt to use the collective neurodynamic approaches to deal with the L1 -minimization problem in a distributed manner. Finally, several comparative experiments on sparse signal and image reconstruction demonstrate that our proposed centralized and collective neurodynamic approaches are efficient and effective.