Objectives: To gain first insight into the effectiveness of a home-based exercise programme for pre-frail older adults with independent use of novel ICT technology.
Methods: A pilot study. Forty pre-frail older adults joined a six-month home-based exercise programme using a tablet PC for exercise administration and feedback, and a necklace-worn motion sensor for daily physical activity registration. Participants received weekly telephone supervision during the first 3 months and exercised independently without supervision from a coach during the last 3 months. Functional performance and daily physical activity were assessed at baseline, after three and 6 months.
Results: Twenty-one participants completed the programme. Overall, functional performance showed positive results varying from (very) small to large effects (Cohen's d 0.04-0.81), mainly during the supervised part of the intervention. Regarding daily physical activity, a slight improvement with (very) small effects (Cohen's d 0.07-0.38), was observed for both self-reported and objectively measured physical activity during the supervised period. However, during the unsupervised period this pattern only continued for self-reported physical activity.
Conclusion: This pilot study showed positive results varying from (very) small to large effects in levels and maintenance of functional performance and daily physical activity, especially during the supervised first 3 months. Remote supervision seems to importantly affect effectiveness of a home-based exercise programme. Effectiveness of the programme and the exact contribution of its components should be further quantified in a randomized controlled trial.
Practice implications: Home-based exercising using novel technology may be promising for functional performance and physical activity improvement in (pre-frail) older adults.
Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register (NTR); trial number NL4049 . The study was prospectively registered (registration date 14/11/2013).
Keywords: Body-worn sensors; Daily physical activity; Home-based exercise programs; Older adults; Remote physical activity monitoring.