[Clinical characteristics of a population with atopic dermatitis in a tertiary center]

Rev Alerg Mex. 2021 Jan-Mar;68(1):12-25. doi: 10.29262/ram.v68i1.843.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Background: Information about the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of atopic dermatitis (AD) is essential to generate knowledge of the disease and its socioeconomic impact.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of the patients of an atopic dermatitis clinic.

Methods: An observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Demographic data, severity of the AD (according to the Eczema Area Severity Index), clinical phenotype, total serum IgE, the presence of allergic and non-allergic comorbidities, as well as of anxiety and depression, were recorded by means of targeted questionnaire and Hamilton Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained, considering a statistical significance associated with a value of p <0.05.

Results: 187 patients were included; the median age was 12 years with a range of 1-87 years. Differences were found regarding sex and severity (p < 0.05). Mild forms of AD were presented in 57.8% of the patients, moderate forms in 20.9%, and severe forms in 21.4%. The severity was associated with allergic comorbidities such as asthma (p = 0.001) and allergic conjunctivitis (p <0.001). Severe AD was associated with a state of anxiety and depression (p <0.05), as well as with ocular affectation (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The pediatric population is the most affected by AD; however, in the adult population, the severe form associated with allergic comorbidities is observed.

Antecedentes: Los datos sobre características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la dermatitis atópica son fundamentales para generar conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y su impacto socioeconómico. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de los pacientes de una clínica de dermatitis atópica. Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y transversal. Se registraron datos demográficos, gravedad de la dermatitis atópica (según el Eczema Area Severity Index), fenotipo clínico, IgE sérica total, presencia de comorbilidades alérgicas y no alérgicas, así como de ansiedad y depresión mediante interrogatorio dirigido y escala de Hamilton. Se realizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial, considerando una significación estadística con p < 0.05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 187 pacientes, la edad tuvo una mediana de 12 años, con un rango de uno a 87 años. Se encontraron diferencias respecto al sexo y gravedad (p < 0.05). La dermatitis atópica leve se presentó en 57.8 %, la moderada en 20.9 % y la grave en 21.4 %. La gravedad estuvo asociada a comorbilidades alérgicas como asma (p = 0.001) y conjuntivitis alérgica (p < 0.001). La dermatitis atópica grave se asoció a ansiedad y depresión (p < 0.05), así como afectación ocular (p < 0.001). Conclusión: Lo población pediátrica es la más afectada por dermatitis atópica, pero en los adultos se observa la forma grave asociada a comorbilidades alérgicas.

Keywords: Atopic dermatitis; Classification; Comorbidities; Phenotype.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Conjunctivitis, Allergic*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Dermatitis, Atopic* / epidemiology
  • Eczema*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Young Adult