Water quality of streams associated with artisanal gold mining; Suárez, Department of Cauca, Colombia

José Antonio Gallo Corredor; Edier Humberto Pérez; Ricardo Figueroa; Apolinar Figueroa Casas

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07047

Water quality of streams associated with artisanal gold mining; Suárez, Department of Cauca, Colombia

Heliyon. 2021 Jun 5;7(6):e07047. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07047. eCollection 2021 Jun.

Authors

José Antonio Gallo Corredor¹, Edier Humberto Pérez², Ricardo Figueroa³, Apolinar Figueroa Casas⁴

Affiliations

¹ Ph.D. in Environmental Sciences, University of Cauca, Department of Chemistry, Research Group on Environmental Analytical Chemistry (GIQA), 3 Nº 3N-100, Popayán, 190002, Colombia.
² Ph.D. University of Cauca, Department of Chemistry, Research Group on Agro-chemistry, 3 Nº 3N-100, Popayán, 190002, Colombia.
³ Ph.D. University of Conception, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and EULA-Chile Center, St Victor Lamas 1290, Concepción, 4030000, Chile.
⁴ Ph.D. University of Cauca, Department of Biology, Research Group on Environmental Studies, 3 Nº 3N-100, Popayán, 190002, Colombia.

Abstract

Gold mining is one of the major problems of contamination of hydric resources in Colombia, this practice generates a high impact on water quality due to the accumulation of waste during its process. In this study water quality was evaluated in five natural stream beds corresponding to four streams with gold mining operations and one in the Cauca River, taking samples before the water inlet and after the outlet in each operation in the streams of Dios Te Dé, Tamboral, Piedra Imán, and Lorenzo affected by artisanal gold mining labor, which drain into the Salvajina Reservoir on the Cauca River in the municipality of Suárez Cauca, Colombia. Characterization of water bodies in the streams was carried out applying contamination indices of Colombia. The IDEAM protocol was used as guide to monitor the water currents. Samples were taken in 15 stations in the natural stream beds with operations and a sampling station on the Cauca River after the reservoir in these lotic ecosystems, during three periods; two from 2018 and one from 2019. The range of the contamination indices according to the environmental variables were considered. Results show that the contaminants associated with TSS, TUR, and Hg are high in the sampling stations in the output of the operations and the sampling stations of the streams with influence on the operations (T3, T4, I2, I3, D2, and D5). The water quality score according to the ICA IDEAM index varied between acceptable and regular in the different sampling stations. However the Hg concentration in sampling station C1 of the Cauca River is due to contributions from the operations in the amalgamation process. This requires strategic interventions by the communities, miners, operation owners, and control organisms as the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Cauca (CRC) and the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (MADS) to minimize the negative impacts on the hydric resource and ecosystemic services associated with this resource.

Keywords: Artisanal gold mining; Mercury; Operations; Physical-chemical variables; Streams; Water quality indices.