Normal cells repel WWOX-negative or -dysfunctional cancer cells via WWOX cell surface epitope 286-299

Commun Biol. 2021 Jun 17;4(1):753. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02271-2.

Abstract

Metastatic cancer cells are frequently deficient in WWOX protein or express dysfunctional WWOX (designated WWOXd). Here, we determined that functional WWOX-expressing (WWOXf) cells migrate collectively and expel the individually migrating WWOXd cells. For return, WWOXd cells induces apoptosis of WWOXf cells from a remote distance. Survival of WWOXd from the cell-to-cell encounter is due to activation of the survival IκBα/ERK/WWOX signaling. Mechanistically, cell surface epitope WWOX286-299 (repl) in WWOXf repels the invading WWOXd to undergo retrograde migration. However, when epitope WWOX7-21 (gre) is exposed, WWOXf greets WWOXd to migrate forward for merge. WWOX binds membrane type II TGFβ receptor (TβRII), and TβRII IgG-pretreated WWOXf greet WWOXd to migrate forward and merge with each other. In contrast, TβRII IgG-pretreated WWOXd loses recognition by WWOXf, and WWOXf mediates apoptosis of WWOXd. The observatons suggest that normal cells can be activated to attack metastatic cancer cells. WWOXd cells are less efficient in generating Ca2+ influx and undergo non-apoptotic explosion in response to UV irradiation in room temperature. WWOXf cells exhibit bubbling cell death and Ca2+ influx effectively caused by UV or apoptotic stress. Together, membrane WWOX/TβRII complex is needed for cell-to-cell recognition, maintaining the efficacy of Ca2+ influx, and control of cell invasiveness.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / immunology
  • COS Cells
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement / physiology
  • Chlorocebus aethiops
  • HCT116 Cells
  • Humans
  • L Cells
  • MCF-7 Cells
  • Mice
  • NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha / metabolism
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / physiopathology*
  • Neoplasm Metastasis / pathology*
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction / physiology
  • WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase / genetics
  • WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase / metabolism*

Substances

  • NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
  • WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase
  • Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
  • Calcium

Associated data

  • figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.14560782