Mesoscale structure development reveals when a silkworm silk is spun

Nat Commun. 2021 Jun 17;12(1):3711. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23960-w.

Abstract

Silk fibre mechanical properties are attributed to the development of a multi-scale hierarchical structure during spinning. By careful ex vivo processing of a B. mori silkworm silk solution we arrest the spinning process, freezing-in mesoscale structures corresponding to three distinctive structure development stages; gelation, fibrilization and the consolidation phase identified in this work, a process highlighted by the emergence and extinction of 'water pockets'. These transient water pockets are a manifestation of the interplay between protein dehydration, phase separation and nanofibril assembly, with their removal due to nanofibril coalescence during consolidation. We modeled and validated how post-draw improves mechanical properties and refines a silk's hierarchical structure as a result of consolidation. These insights enable a better understanding of the sequence of events that occur during spinning, ultimately leading us to propose a robust definition of when a silkworm silk is actually 'spun'.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bombyx / chemistry*
  • Bombyx / metabolism*
  • Fibroins / chemistry*
  • Fibroins / metabolism*
  • Fibroins / ultrastructure
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Porosity
  • Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
  • Silk / chemistry*
  • Silk / metabolism*
  • Spectrum Analysis, Raman
  • Water / chemistry

Substances

  • Silk
  • Water
  • Fibroins