Influence of Changes in Obesity Indicators on the Risk of Hypertension: A Cohort Study in Southern China

Ann Nutr Metab. 2021;77(2):100-108. doi: 10.1159/000515059. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the association between changes in different obesity indicators and the risk of incident hypertension by the age-group among community-dwelling residents in southern China.

Methods: A total of 6,959 non-hypertensive participants aged ≥18 years old were enrolled in this cohort study and completed questionnaire interviews and anthropometric measurements at baseline (2010) and follow-up (2017). A time-dependent covariate Cox proportional hazard model considered the changes in obesity indicators during the follow-up period and calculated the hazard ratios (HRs) to analyze the risk of incident hypertension according to different obesity indicators.

Results: During a mean follow-up of 7.1 years, 1,904 participants were newly diagnosed with hypertension. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were significantly positively associated with an increased future risk of incident hypertension, and BMI was the best predictive indicator of hypertension (obesity in men: HR = 2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.20-3.20; obesity in women: HR = 2.80, 95% CI = 2.27-3.45). Compared with the middle-aged and older group, the risk of incident hypertension was highest in the younger group which had the highest baseline obesity indicators.

Conclusions: Changes in obesity indicators were significantly associated with the risk of incident hypertension in all age-groups, and the risk of future incident hypertension increased with the increase in baseline obesity indicators.

Keywords: Body mass index; Cohort study; Hypertension; Obesity indicators.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Body Mass Index*
  • China / epidemiology
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / epidemiology*
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / epidemiology*
  • Risk Factors
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Waist Circumference
  • Waist-Height Ratio*
  • Waist-Hip Ratio*
  • Young Adult