Salivary cytokine - A non-invasive predictor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature neonates

Ting-Yu Su; I-Lun Chen; Tsu-Fuh Yeh; Hung-Ren Yu; Ying-Lun Hsu; Chih-Hsing Hung; Hsin-Chun Huang

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155616

Salivary cytokine - A non-invasive predictor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature neonates

Cytokine. 2021 Dec:148:155616. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155616. Epub 2021 Jun 13.

Authors

Ting-Yu Su¹, I-Lun Chen², Tsu-Fuh Yeh³, Hung-Ren Yu¹, Ying-Lun Hsu¹, Chih-Hsing Hung⁴, Hsin-Chun Huang²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan, ROC.
² Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan, ROC; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan (No. 259, Wunhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC.
³ Institute of Maternal-Child Research Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (No.250, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan, ROC.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (No.100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, ROC.

PMID: 34134911
DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155616

Abstract

Background: To find a less invasive method of cytokine detection for premature neonates, we conducted this cohort study to investigate the salivary cytokines and to analyze their correlations with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Methods: Premature neonates younger than 34 weeks of gestational age without maternal or neonatal infection were recruited. Salivary samples were collected on their first (D1) and seventh (D7) days of life. The cytokine levels were detected by MILLPLEX® MAP Human multiplex assay. One-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson's chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

Results: Totally 125 neonates were enrolled and separated into four groups: control, mild, moderate, and severe BPD group. The salivary levels of D1 interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, and D7 IL-6 (p = 0.001, 0.001, 0.000, 0.043, 0.037 and 0.001, respectively) were significantly higher in the BPD groups than in the control group. After adjusting for the gestational age, acid-base equivalent, and absolute neutrophil count, comparing to the control group, the levels of D7 IL-17 became significantly lower in all three BPD groups (p = 0.032, 0.030, and 0.030, respectively) and that of D7 IFN-α2 became significantly lower in the severe BPD group (p = 0.037).

Conclusion: Early-life salivary cytokine levels were correlated with the development of BPD in premature neonates. This study provides a novel method to predict BPD early and non-invasively.

Keywords: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Interferon-alpha 2 (IFN-α2); Interleukin-17 (IL-17); Premature neonates; Salivary biomarker; Salivary cytokine.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / diagnosis*
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / metabolism*
Cytokines / metabolism*
Female
Gestational Age
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature / physiology*
Male
Multivariate Analysis
Saliva / metabolism*

Substances

Cytokines