The Restorative Effect of Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit Extract on Pulmonary Tissue of Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Dewa Ketut Meles; Imam Mustofa; Wurlina Wurlina; Suherni Susilowati; Suzanita Utama; Niluh Suwasanti; Desak Ketut Sekar Cempaka Putri

doi:10.1155/2021/9931001

The Restorative Effect of Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Fruit Extract on Pulmonary Tissue of Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Vet Med Int. 2021 Jun 1:2021:9931001. doi: 10.1155/2021/9931001. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Dewa Ketut Meles¹, Imam Mustofa¹, Wurlina Wurlina¹, Suherni Susilowati¹, Suzanita Utama¹, Niluh Suwasanti², Desak Ketut Sekar Cempaka Putri³

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Airlangga University, Kampus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 601155, East Java, Indonesia.
² Faculty of Medicine of Widya Mandala Catholic University, Jalan Raya Kalisari Selatan, Kampus Pakuwon City, Surabaya 60112, East Java, Indonesia.
³ Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, General Hospital Dr. Soetomo, Jl. Major General Professor Dr. Moestopo No. 6-8, Surabaya 60286, East Java, Indonesia.

Abstract

Since the damage to alveolar tissue due to cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) is lipid peroxidation, antioxidant treatment is needed. The red guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit contains antioxidants derived from quercetin, lycopene, and vitamin C. This study aimed to determine the effect of red guava fruit extract (RGFE) on the alveolar tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The 25 rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five groups. The control and T0 groups were only administered placebo, while T1, T2, and T3 groups were orally administered RGFE of 18.9, 37.8, and 56.7 mg/kg body weight daily for 44 days. The CSE dose of 20 suctions daily was conducted on T0, T1, T2, and T3 groups on days 15-44. On day 45, all rats were sacrificed for serum collection and histopathological lung slides with eosin-nigrosin staining. The result showed that CSE caused an increase (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cell death, apoptosis, and necrosis percentages, congestion and thickening of alveolar septum tissue, and reduction in the alveolar diameter and alveolar number. Administration of RGFE suppressed those effects, and the highest dose of RGFE (T3) restored (p > 0.05) MDA levels, percentage of apoptotic and necrosis, alveolar septal thickening, and alveolar diameter. However, the percentages of cell death, alveolar congestion, and the alveolar number were still worse (p < 0.05) than in normal rats. It could be concluded that RGFE has proved relief and restoration of the alveolar tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke.