A Novel Lightweight Deep Learning-Based Histopathological Image Classification Model for IoMT

Koyel Datta Gupta; Deepak Kumar Sharma; Shakib Ahmed; Harsh Gupta; Deepak Gupta; Ching-Hsien Hsu

doi:10.1007/s11063-021-10555-1

A Novel Lightweight Deep Learning-Based Histopathological Image Classification Model for IoMT

Neural Process Lett. 2023;55(1):205-228. doi: 10.1007/s11063-021-10555-1. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Authors

Koyel Datta Gupta¹, Deepak Kumar Sharma², Shakib Ahmed², Harsh Gupta², Deepak Gupta³, Ching-Hsien Hsu^{4

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Affiliations

¹ Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.
² Department of Information Technology, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India.
³ Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India.
⁴ Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Mathematics and Big Data, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000 China.
⁵ Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Wufeng, Taiwan.
⁶ Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Abstract

The unavailability of appropriate mechanisms for timely detection of diseases and successive treatment causes the death of a large number of people around the globe. The timely diagnosis of grave diseases like different forms of cancer and other life-threatening diseases can save a valuable life or at least extend the life span of an afflicted individual. The advancement of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) enabled healthcare technologies can provide effective medical facilities to the population and contribute greatly towards the recuperation of patients. The usage of IoMT in the diagnosis and study of histopathological images can enable real-time identification of diseases and corresponding remedial actions can be taken to save an affected individual. This can be achieved by the use of imaging apparatus with the capacity of auto-analysis of captured images. However, most deep learning-based image classifying models are bulk in size and are inappropriate for use in IoT based imaging devices. The objective of this research work is to design a deep learning-based lightweight model suitable for histopathological image analysis with appreciable accuracy. This paper presents a novel lightweight deep learning-based model "ReducedFireNet", for auto-classification of histopathological images. The proposed method attained a mean accuracy of 96.88% and an F1 score of 0.968 on evaluating an actual histopathological image data set. The results are encouraging, considering the complexity of histopathological images. In addition to the high accuracy the lightweight design (size in few KBs) of the ReducedFireNet model, makes it suitable for IoMT imaging equipment. The simulation results show the proposed model has computational requirement of 0.201 GFLOPS and has a mere size of only 0.391 MB.

Keywords: Deep learning; Disease diagnosis; Histopathological; Image classification; IoMT.