Fruit properties during the harvest period of eleven Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cultivars

Mahmoud Abdel-Sattar; Khalid F Almutairi; Adel M Al-Saif; Khaled A Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.006

Fruit properties during the harvest period of eleven Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cultivars

Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Jun;28(6):3424-3432. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.006. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Authors

Mahmoud Abdel-Sattar^{1

2}, Khalid F Almutairi¹, Adel M Al-Saif¹, Khaled A Ahmed³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Plant Production, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
² Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture-ElShatby 21545, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
³ Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

The geometric attributes and physical, mechanical, and chemical properties were determined for 11 Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cultivars grown in Saudi Arabia including Zaytoni, Kashmiri, Komethry, Um-Sulaem with spines, Toffahy, Um-Sulaem without spines, Abdel-Sattar, Pu-Yun, Pu-Pineau, seedy ber, and buddling ber. The geometric mean diameter, surface area, sphericity, and shape index of the fruits ranged from 20.61 to 42.48 mm, 1339.58-5666.92 mm², 71.39-96.80%, and 110.25-275.18%, respectively. The fruit physical properties, i e fruit weight, fruit volume, stone weight, flesh weight, true fruit density, and pulp-stone ratio varied from 4.71 to 39.02 g, 4.78 to 42.75 cm3, 0.11 to 2.35 g, 4.61 to 36.67 g,0.913 to 1.055 g/cm3, and 7.90 to 43.11, respectively. In addition, the mean color value of L*, a* and b* for the fruits ranged from 64.48 to 96.33, 2.65-4.05, and 6.32-84.36, respectively. The mechanical properties, including elastic range, bioyield force, modulus of elasticity, plastic range, and rupture force ranged from 2.31 to 8.86 mm, 21.64-325.77 N, 14.15-124.09 N/s, 0.83-3.45 mm, 56.42-364.21 N, and 107.77-480.91 N/s, respectively. The greatest rupture force belonged to the Pu-Pineau cultivar and the smallest belonged to the Um-Sulaem without spines cultivar at the horizontal orientation of both cultivars. The fruit chemical analysis values for total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, and vitamin C ranged from 13.43 to 23.55%, 0.48-1.27%, 14.24-39.85%, and 55.27-164.47 mg/100 g, respectively. The relevant data obtained for the 11 varieties of Indian jujube are valuable for developing and designing machines for processing operations, transportation, separating, packing, sorting, and harvesting. Additionally, the findings revealed considerable variation in chemical content, physical and mechanical characteristics among the tested cultivars.

Keywords: Ber; Fruit properties; Geometric attributes; Indian jujube; Mechanical properties.