Effects of Hip Flexion on Knee Extension and Flexion Isokinetic Angle-Specific Torques and HQ-Ratios

Christian Baumgart; Eduard Kurz; Jürgen Freiwald; Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe

doi:10.1186/s40798-021-00330-w

Effects of Hip Flexion on Knee Extension and Flexion Isokinetic Angle-Specific Torques and HQ-Ratios

Sports Med Open. 2021 Jun 12;7(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s40798-021-00330-w.

Authors

Christian Baumgart¹, Eduard Kurz², Jürgen Freiwald³, Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Fuhlrottstraße 10, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany. baumgart@uni-wuppertal.de.
² Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.
³ Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Fuhlrottstraße 10, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
⁴ Institute of Movement and Training Science I, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany.

Abstract

Background and methods: During isokinetic knee strength testing, the knee flexion angles that correspond to the measured torque values are rarely considered. Additionally, the hip flexion angle during seated testing diverges from that in the majority of daily life and sporting activities. Limited information concerning the influence of hip angle, muscle contraction mode, and velocity on the isokinetic knee strength over the entire range of motion (ROM) is available. Twenty recreational athletes (10 females, 10 males; 23.3 ± 3.2 years; 72.1 ± 16.5 kg; 1.78 ± 0.07 m) were tested for isokinetic knee flexion and extension at 10° and 90° hip flexion with the following conditions: (i) concentric at 60°/s, (ii) concentric at 180°/s, and (iii) eccentric at 60°/s. The effects of hip angle, contraction mode, and velocity on angle-specific torques and HQ-ratios as well as conventional parameters (peak torques, angles at peak torque, and HQ-ratios) were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping and parametric ANOVAs, respectively.

Results: Generally, the angle-specific and conventional torques and HQ-ratios were lower in the extended hip compared to a flexed hip joint. Thereby, in comparison to the knee extension, the torque values decreased to a greater extent during knee flexion but not consistent over the entire ROM. The torque values were greater at the lower velocity and eccentric mode, but the influence of the velocity and contraction mode were lower at shorter and greater muscle lengths, respectively.

Conclusions: Isokinetic knee strength is influenced by the hip flexion angle. Therefore, a seated position during testing and training is questionable, because the hip joint is rarely flexed at 90° during daily life and sporting activities. Maximum knee strength is lower in supine position, which should be considered for training and testing. The angle-specific effects cannot be mirrored by the conventional parameters. Therefore, angle-specific analyses are recommended to obtain supplemental information and consequently to improve knee strength testing.

Keywords: Concentric; Eccentric; Hamstrings; Quadriceps; Statistical parametric mapping (SPM).