Synthesis and Characterization of Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium Bolaamphiphiles

Methods Mol Biol. 2021:2275:27-47. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1262-0_3.

Abstract

In this chapter we describe: (1) the procedure for the synthesis of four single chain bolaamphiphiles, displaying chains of 12, 16, 20 and 30 methylene units and triphenylphosphonium moieties as headgroups (TPP1-TPP4); (2) the methods used to characterize TPP1-TPP4 spontaneous aggregation in aqueous solution. We illustrate the determination of Krafft point and cac by conductivity measurements and the procedures used to investigate dimensions, morphology, and stability by dynamic and dielectrophoretic laser light scattering, dialysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy measurements.

Keywords: Equilibrium systems; Kinetic traps; Kolbe electrolysis; Thermomorphic electrolytic solution; Triphenylphosphonium bolaamphiphiles; U-shaped/extended conformation.

MeSH terms

  • Dynamic Light Scattering
  • Furans / chemistry*
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  • Mitochondria / drug effects*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Organophosphorus Compounds / chemical synthesis*
  • Organophosphorus Compounds / chemistry
  • Organophosphorus Compounds / pharmacology
  • Pyridones / chemistry*
  • Spectrum Analysis, Raman
  • Water / chemistry

Substances

  • Furans
  • Organophosphorus Compounds
  • Pyridones
  • bolaamphiphile
  • Water