Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Compared with Multimodal Imaging for Diagnosing Neovascular Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Danny Siu-Chun Ng; Mary Ho; Li Jia Chen; Fanny Lai-Ting Yip; Wee Min Teh; Linbin Zhou; Shaheeda Mohamed; Chi Wai Tsang; Mårten Erik Brelén; Haoyu Chen; Chi Pui Pang; Timothy Y Y Lai

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2021.05.029

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Compared with Multimodal Imaging for Diagnosing Neovascular Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Am J Ophthalmol. 2021 Dec:232:70-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.05.029. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences (D.S-C.N., M.H., L.J.C., F.L-T.Y., L.Z., S.M., C.W.T., M.E.B., C.P.P., T.Y.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Eye Hospital (D.S-C.N., F.L-T.Y., S.M., C.W.T., M.E.B.), Hong Kong. Electronic address: dannyng@cuhk.edu.hk.
² Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences (D.S-C.N., M.H., L.J.C., F.L-T.Y., L.Z., S.M., C.W.T., M.E.B., C.P.P., T.Y.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences (M.H., L.J.C., M.E.B.), Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.
³ Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences (D.S-C.N., M.H., L.J.C., F.L-T.Y., L.Z., S.M., C.W.T., M.E.B., C.P.P., T.Y.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Eye Hospital (D.S-C.N., F.L-T.Y., S.M., C.W.T., M.E.B.), Hong Kong.
⁴ Hospital Melaka (W.M.T.), Malaysia.
⁵ Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences (D.S-C.N., M.H., L.J.C., F.L-T.Y., L.Z., S.M., C.W.T., M.E.B., C.P.P., T.Y.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
⁶ Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences (D.S-C.N., M.H., L.J.C., F.L-T.Y., L.Z., S.M., C.W.T., M.E.B., C.P.P., T.Y.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Eye Hospital (D.S-C.N., F.L-T.Y., S.M., C.W.T., M.E.B.), Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences (M.H., L.J.C., M.E.B.), Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.
⁷ The Joint Shantou International Eye Center (JSIEC) of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong (H.C.).
⁸ Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences (D.S-C.N., M.H., L.J.C., F.L-T.Y., L.Z., S.M., C.W.T., M.E.B., C.P.P., T.Y.Y.L.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; 2010 Retina & Macula Centre (T.Y.Y.L.), Hong Kong.

PMID: 34116008
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.05.029

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) compared with multimodal imaging for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) eyes and to determine the features that predicted CNV.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Consecutive CSC patients were recruited from retina clinic. The reference standard for CNV was determined by interpretation of multimodal imaging with OCTA, structural OCT line scan, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), ultra-widefield fundus photography and fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Two independent masked graders examined OCTA without FA and ICGA to diagnose CNV. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with CNV.

Results: CNV was detected in 69 eyes in 64 out of 277 CSC patients according to reference standard. The two masked graders who examined OCTA had sensitivity of 81.2% (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 71.9%-90.4%) and 78.3% (95% CI, 68.5%-88.0%), specificity of 97.3% (95% CI, 95.9%-98.8%) and 96.2% (95% CI, 94.5%-98.0%), positive predictive values of 82.4% (95% CI, 73.3%-91.4%) and 76.1% (95% CI, 66.1%-86.0%), and negative predictive values of 97.1% (95% CI, 95.6%-98.7%) and 96.7% (95% CI, 95.0%-98.3%). Their mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.88 with good agreement (Kappa coefficient 0.80 [95% CI, 0.72-0.89]). Flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment on structural OCT, neovascular network on OCTA and ill-defined late leakage on FA significantly correlated with CNV in CSC from multiple regression (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively).

Conclusions: There is discordance between OCTA and multimodal imaging in diagnosing CNV in CSC. This study demonstrated the caveats in OCTA interpretation, such as small extrafoveal lesions and retinal pigment epithelial alterations. Comprehensive interpretation of OCTA with dye angiography and structural OCT is recommended.

Keywords: Central serous chorioretinopathy; choroidal neovascularization; diagnostic test; optical coherence tomography angiography.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy* / diagnosis
Choroid / diagnostic imaging
Choroidal Neovascularization* / diagnostic imaging
Cross-Sectional Studies
Fluorescein Angiography
Humans
Indocyanine Green
Multimodal Imaging
Prospective Studies
Retrospective Studies
Tomography, Optical Coherence

Substances

Indocyanine Green